Decreto 812/2025 deroga facultades fijadoras del Instituto y lo reorienta a promoción y control de calidad
El Gobierno Nacional derogó, mediante el Decreto 812/2025, las facultades del Instituto Nacional de la Yerba Mate (INYM) para intervenir y fijar el precio de la hoja verde y la yerba mate canchada que reciben los productores primarios. La medida, publicada este lunes en el Boletín Oficial, modifica el Decreto Reglamentario 1.240/2002 y elimina de manera definitiva la capacidad del organismo para establecer valores de referencia o laudar cuando productores y secaderos no llegan a un acuerdo.
La decisión se alinea con el Decreto de Necesidad y Urgencia 70/2023 y con el artículo 42 de la Constitución Nacional, que promueve la defensa de la competencia y la desregulación de la economía. El nuevo texto establece tres ejes claros: la eliminación de toda intervención estatal sobre la actividad económica del sector, la prohibición expresa de distorsionar los precios de mercado y la adecuación del INYM a la normativa vigente.
A partir de ahora, el Instituto mantendrá sus funciones de promoción, investigación, fiscalización y control de calidad en toda la cadena, pero no podrá emitir resoluciones que interfieran en la libre formación de precios entre productores, cooperativas y secaderos. El decreto anula los artículos 9 al 19 del reglamento original, que otorgaban al directorio del INYM la potestad de laudar precios cuando no había acuerdo en las sesiones de precios semestrales.
Durante más de dos décadas, el mecanismo de laudo del INYM fue el instrumento habitual para destrabar conflictos entre los distintos eslabones de la cadena yerbatera, especialmente en Misiones y el nordeste de Corrientes. La eliminación de esta facultad implica que, desde la próxima sesión de precios de marzo 2026, los valores se definirán exclusivamente por acuerdo entre las partes o, en su defecto, por la dinámica del mercado.
Desde el Ministerio de Economía destacaron que “la yerba mate es un sector maduro y competitivo que no requiere intervención estatal para fijar precios”. Señalaron, además, que la medida busca transparentar la formación de precios, reducir costos administrativos y alinear la regulación argentina con estándares internacionales de libre comercio.
El INYM conservará su estructura institucional y presupuesto, pero deberá reorientar sus recursos hacia la promoción externa, la certificación de calidad, el apoyo técnico a pequeños productores y la lucha contra el contrabando y la competencia desleal.
Productores, cooperativas y secaderos coincidieron en que el cambio representa un desafío histórico: negociar sin red de seguridad estatal. La primera prueba será la fijación del precio para la cosecha gruesa de 2026.
En síntesis, el Decreto 812/2025 marca el fin de 23 años de regulación estatal directa sobre el precio de la yerba mate y abre una nueva etapa de libre negociación en uno de los sectores agroindustriales más emblemáticos del nordeste argentino.
57 comentarios en «Gobierno elimina intervención del INYM en precios de la yerba mate: productores y secaderos negociarán libremente»
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